Moving Towards Collaboration: Investigating the Past, Present, and Future of Fraught Relationships between Human Remains, Anthropologists, and Museums
Authored by Alana Spearman
In the realm where scientific inquiry intersects with cultural heritage, the treatment of human remains by museums and biological anthropologists has sparked intense debate and profound ethical considerations. This research delves into the intricate dynamics between these stakeholders over time, unraveling historical injustices and exploring pathways towards collaborative and ethical practices. Through compelling case studies such as the Kennewick Man and the Morton Collection at the Penn Museum, this study illuminates the fraught history of human remains' acquisition, study, and display, highlighting the profound impact on descendant communities. Additionally, this paper explores the historical injustices and ongoing challenges surrounding the treatment of human remains by museums and anthropologists, illustrating how these practices have impacted diverse communities, including those of my own heritage.
Central to my investigation are pivotal legislative frameworks like the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), which has catalyzed shifts towards respectful repatriation practices, and the emerging discourse surrounding the African American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (AAGPRA), advocating for similar protections. This research demonstrates that while strides have been made towards reconciliation and inclusivity, significant challenges persist, including tentative guidelines for repatriation and institutional resistance. This research examines how museums and anthropologists have historically treated human remains and explores the ways in which descendant communities are now reclaiming control over their ancestors through activism, legal means, and collaboration. The study envisions a future where museums and descendant communities work together in mutual respect and understanding, honoring the cultural dignity of human remains.
This study is not just academic; it is deeply personal. Highlighting the importance of a more equitable and respectful approach to cultural heritage stewardship, sparked by stories passed down from family, this paper has further shaped my own identity and views. By studying ethical engagement and inclusivity in anthropology and museum studies in my future career, I hope to support efforts that recognize and celebrate the richness of African American and Native American heritages, embodying the cultural and biological beauty of the histories and traditions we share. Timely and essential, particularly in light of recent events and ongoing discussions within the museum community, this research highlights the pressing need to confront historical injustices and chart a course towards a more equitable and ethical approach in anthropology and museum studies.